Synesthesia an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Synesthesia by Expert writer-Eloquence | 28 Dec 2016 Synesthesia refers to a neurological Phenomenon where by stimulation of a cognitive pathway or one sensory result to inventory experiences automatically in a second cognitive or sensory pathway. Synesthetes are the kind of people who experience such kind of problems. The neural basis synesthesia theory began after the observation of some dedicated parts of the brain being specializing to particular functions. This led some researchers to suggest that increase in brain cross-talk between several zones made for different functions would result to different types of synesthesia (Rader, Tellegen, 1987, p.983). Need essay sample on "Synesthesia" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed For instance, the extra experience of viewing colors when observing graphemes might result because of cross-activation of V4 which might subsequently arise because of the normal developmental process of pruning failure. The reason for this is that regions that are engaged in identifying letters and numbers are next to an area engaged with color processing,V4. In color graphemic synesthesia, which is one type of synesthesia, numbers as well as letters are seen as inherently colored while in Ordinal linguistic personification, numbers, days, weeks and months evoke personalities while in the same numbers, days, weeks and months would be perceived as elicit exact positions in space in number form synesthesia or spatial- sequence Visual motion and sound shnesthesia are newly identified types that include hearing sounds in regard to flicker and visual motion. There are more than sixty types of synesthesia that have been reported by different people but only a small number of such cases have been studied by scientific investigations. In one type, the perceptions of synesthesia have different intensity. People possess different synesthetic perception awareness. Synesthesia is estimated to be prevalent in one out of every twenty three persons in its variants. Although it runs firmly in families, the exacted mode of inheritance is not yet established. It is also reported by persons who are mainly influenced by psychedelic drugs, during temporal lobe epilepsy seizure, after stroke, or as impacts of deafness or blindness. This kind of synesthesia is commonly referred to as adventitious synesthesia which is different from more usual congenital types of synesthesia. Adventitious synesthesia that comprises of stroke and drugs (but not deafness or blindness) usually includes sensory linking like sound, touch or vision and hearing. Culture related synesthesia and learned sets like graphemes, lexemes, months of the year or days of the week cases are usually reported in fewer numbers. (Dudycha, Dudycha, 1935, p. 59) Although, sometimes referred to as neurological condition, synesthesia is not regarded to be in either DSM-IV or the ICD groupings. This is because it does not interfere with the usual daily working. Most synesthetes claim that they are either experiencing neutral or even pleasant conditions. Synesthesia, just like perfect pitch or color blindness, is a difference in experience of perception which is reflected by the Neurological condition. Up to the current time, there has been no consistent link between synesthetic experience and other psychiatric or neurological conditions. Initially synesthetic experiences were assumed to be different from synesthetes, but of late research has indicated that the two have some underlying similarities which can be seen if big numbers of synesthete are studied together. For instance, sound-color synesthesia makes one see lighter colors for higher sounds and Graeme color synesthesia have significance likeness for each of the letters color. Different people do report for different triggers as well as different experience intensities for their circumstances in forms of synesthesia. This indicates that the inpidual definition of synesthesia is challenging and many synesthetes dont know that they have a name for their experiences in synesthesia. In spite of this difference between inpiduals, synesthesia is defined by some few common elements. Most of the synesthestes usually report that they had no idea that they had experiences which were unusual until they knew that others had not posses them. Other people report feeling that they have been possessing in their whole life and how they found out they had them in their childhood. This consistent and involuntary makes synesthesia to be seen as an experience. Only a few cases of synesthetes have reported their experience to be resulting from a certain level of sensory overload. There are numerous autobiographical notes and self reports by interviews and synesthetes which indicates a big number of varieties of forms of synesthesia, synesthesia perception intensity, the manner in which they make use of their synethesia in work and in daily life as well as the awareness of the difference in understanding the physical world from the others (Marks, 1975, p.305). Synesthesia can arise from any two perceptual modes or senses. With a big number of types of synesthesia, there have been an adopted convection of showing the forms of synesthesia by use of notation x and y, with x being the inducer or trigger experience while y is the concurrent or additional experience. For instance, seeing numbers and letters as being colored would be labeled as grapheme color synesthesia. Equivalently, tone (color, movement) synesthesia would mean that the synesthetes perceive colors and movements due to hearing musical tones. In grapheme, color synesthesia, graphemes (inpidual letters of the numbers and alphabets) are tinged or shaded with a certain color. Research on large numbers of synesthesia indicates that there are commonalities with letters. For instance, A is likely to be seen as being red, although synesthetes do not report the same color for same letters. Synesthetes experience colors regarding tones and other sound aspects in sound, color synesthea. This kind of synesthea has two categories namely; narrow and broad band sound, color synesthea. Narrow band sound, color synesthea (music, color synesthea) has music stimuli such as key or timbre that indicates a certain color experiences in a manner that a specific note elicits red or harps elicit the experiencing of viewing a golden color. Several environmental sounds such as alarm clock or a closing door might elicit visual experiences. Changes of colors in regard to different sound stimuli aspects involve more than one hue of color. Color dimension experiences do vary. For instance, brightness, which is the amount of white in a certain color, when extracted from red color, makes it fade into a brown and eventually to black color. Color saturation (intensity) varies with the colors, medium blue and fire engine red, for example are regarded as highly saturated while other colors such as white, grays and black are seen as unsaturated. In addition to this, music, color synesthetes usually claim the colors to be moving or streaming into and out of their view area. Some music, color synesthetes hold that a certain tone will possess a particular color. With study of large samples, consistent trends are experienced, in a way that notes with higher pitches are seen to be more brightly colored. This equivalent patterns of brightness in pitch matching in objects which are not synesthetic indicates that this synesthesia type have common mechanisms with non-synesthetes (Rader, Tellegen, 1987, 985). In Ordinal-linguistic personification, ordered sequences like Ordinal numbers, months, days as well as letters are linked to personalities. For instance, T is usually associated with ungenerous, crabbed creatures. U is linked to soulless sort thing while 4 is seen as being honest, 9 is dark, gentleman, tall and graceful and 3 is untrustworthy. Lexical gustatory synesthesia is an unusual form of synesthesia where single words and phonemes of the language spoken normally evoke the mouth taste sensations. Lexical gustatory synesthetes would experience immediate and involuntary taste sensation on their mouth when they hear of some words such as read or inner speech words or word sounds. This particular taste does not change; it has remained in that form for along duration. Research have indicated that, lexical-gustatory synesthesia links with someones early experience with food. Some people have no synesthesia experiences of certain foods despite them consuming them frequently in their mature lives (Marks, 1975, p.309). Some of these early food experiences are associated with tastes regarding the name of the word. Semantic influences happen to be another source of tastes in which names of different foods tend to have a taste of the food they match. For example blue tastes inky. It is not difficulty to find out if someone is a synesthete as it is hard to fake. The easiest testing includes reliability of test-retest for a long duration of time. Synesthestes usually perform highly than non-synesthetes. They can scores about 90% over test-retest intervals in a period of one year with non-synesthestes obtaining as low as 30-40% under the same conditions even with warning of testing. Complex tests involve the use of modified versions of the Stroop effect that utilizes Stroop paradigm. References Dudycha, G. J., & Dudycha, M. M. (1935). A Case of Synesthesia: Visual Pain and Visual Audition. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 30, 57-69. Marks, L, E. (1975). On colored-hearing synesthesia: Cross-Modal Translations of Sensory Dimensions. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 303-331. Rader, C. M., & Tellegen, A. (1987). An Investigation of Synesthesia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 981-987.

Harley Davidson Analysis Essays - Harley-Davidson, Arthur Davidson

Harley Davidson Analysis Essays - Harley-Davidson, Arthur Davidson Harley Davidson Analysis HARLEY DAVIDSON MOTOR COMPANY As one Harley puts it, It's one thing to have people buy your products. It's another for them to tattoo your name on their bodies. Harley-Davidson is the only major US maker of motorcycles and the nation's #1 seller of heavyweight motorcycles. Harley-Davidson offers 24 models of touring and custom cycles. Harley has held the largest share of the U.S. heavyweight motorcycle market since 1986. Besides its bikes, Harley-Davidson sells a licensed line of clothing and accessories with the company name. Also, gaining attention are the Harley-Davidson Cafes, located in various cities including New York City and Las Vegas. These successful restaurants provide Harley enthusiasts with great food, souvenir merchandise and a chance to see rare biker memorabilia. This makes Harley one of the most recognizable symbols in America today. Many of Harley-Davidson owners/riders are members of the Harley Owners Group better known as H.O.G., with more than 500,000 members nationwide. Demand for Harley-Davidson motorcycles continues to rise. Other motorcycle manufacturers have tried to compete with Harley-Davidson in the heavyweight V-Twin cruiser segment; none have been able to match Harley-Davidson in terms of customer loyalty and sales. There is a waiting list to get new bikes. The dedication to its existing customers has created a loyalty that is enviable by many other companies. COMPANY HISTORY: William S. Harley and William, Walter and Arthur Davidson began the Harley Davidson Motorcycle Company in a shed in the Davidson backyard in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1903. That year, they built three motorcycles. In 1909 the company introduced the V-Twin engine, which is still in use to this day, a more powerful engine and topping a previously unheard of speed of 60 miles an hour. As a demand for the bikes grew, other companies were formed. By 1911, there were 150 companies in the US that built motorcycles. Police departments and the military made heavy use of the bikes. During World War I, HD Bikes were called into service and by the end of the war; the US Military used over 20,000 of them. Major achievements in design ensued, and a Harley Davidson Bike was the first motor vehicle to win a race with an average speed of over 100 miles per hour. In 1926 the teardrop style gas tank that is still used today was introduced. The Great Depression devastated the motorcycle industry. Only Harley Davidson and Indian motorcycles survived the 1930s largely due to use by police departments. Again, World War called over 90,000 motorcycles into action in the 1940s. After the war, the company expanded. The original founders died and new management took over. Indian Motorcycles closed in 1953 and left Harley Davidson the sole US manufacturer of American made motorcycles. The 50s also saw the rise of the American motorcycle culture, with black leather jackets making a statement and signifying a lifestyle. In 1965 the company made its first public offering on the stock market, and in 1969 merged with AMF. At the time the company was producing 14000 cycles per year. The merger bolstered Harleys growth with financial strength of AMF. The company then moved its assembly operation to York, PA, leaving only the engine production and World headquarters in Wisconsin. Also housed in York is the Harley-Davidson Antique Motorcycle Museum. It houses a collection of more than 40 military and police bikes depicting the evolution of the motorcycle and Harley history from 1903 to the present day. The 70s saw a decline in the market. A flood of imports from Japan and quality problems created major problems for the company. In the 80s, 13 members of HD management purchased the company from AMF and brought a return to quality and implemented new management and manufacturing techniques. It accomplished this turnaround by being one of the first US companies to use Just in time inventory policies, statistical processes and employee involvement programs. In 1982, the company convinced the International Trade Commission (ITC) that the glut of imported Japanese bikes were a threat of injury. Additional Tariffs were imposed on the imports for five years. Giving the company a chance to revitalize its place in the market. It did this in just three years by retooling and streamlining its operations. In 1995 the company expanded its international

Ludwig Von Beethoven and his Ninth Symphony Essay

Ludwig Von Beethoven and his Ninth Symphony - Essay Example Despite these abhorrent forms of child abuse, Beethoven developed a sensitivity and vision for music. In 1789, after his mother’s death, Beethoven was forced to into manhood. He went determined, to his fathers employer and demanded - and got – half of his fathers salary so that he could take care of his brothers and one year old sister. In 1792 his father, much to Beethoven’s relief died. In 1801 Beethoven confessed to his friends at Bonn his worry of becoming deaf. In 1802, he wrote a famous text which expressed his distress at his perceived unfairness of his life. He could not reconcile himself with the idea of a loving music and that his most important sense, his hearing, was dissipating. Desolate, he did not want to live through the process of becoming deaf. Beethovens career as a virtuoso pianist was brought to an end when he began to experience his first symptoms of deafness. In a letter written to his friend Karl Ameda on 1 July 1801, he admitted he was e xperiencing signs of deafness. It is perhaps this resolute refusal to cave in to his deafness that allowed him to continue his marvelous works. Indeed, it can be said that Beethoven continued in his compositions in spite of his deafness. In 1802 his doctor sent him to Heiligenstadt, a village outside Vienna, in the hope that its rural peace would rest in his hearing. The new surroundings reawakened in Beethoven a love of nature and the countryside, and hope and optimism returned. By autumn however, Beethoven felt so low both physically and mentally that he feared he would not survive the winter.

Qatar Airways Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Qatar Airways - Assignment Example Allocation of marketing budgets have been recommended. Marketing is no more a mere functional discipline but for most managers it now centers on identifying and satisfying customer requirements (Hooley, Piercy & Nicouland, 2009, p3). Recent challenges to marketing functions from sources as diverse as McKinsey Consultants make it imperative that marketing reflects new development and market opportunities. The effectiveness of marketing is ascertained based on how effectively a marketer is able to reach out to customers and fulfill customer needs and expectations better than competitors. Airlines too have been competing against each other through different marketing techniques. Qatar Airways, the flag carrier of the state of Qatar, headquartered in Doha-Qatar Airways Tower, was found on 22nd November, 1993 (Qatar Airways Fact Sheet, 2012). Qatar Airways is one of the few international airlines that are able to reach over 133 destinations worldwide like Africa, Middle East, South Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Far East and Oceania with a fleet exceeding 128 aircrafts (Qatar Airways, 2013). The airline operates a hub-and-spoke network linking over 100 international destinations from its base in Doha. Offering of First Class, Business Class and Economy Class services, supported with in-flight entertainment and superb first class service for all classes, have led Qatar Airways to be ranked as one of the few airlines in the world to achieve the 5-star rating. Qatar Airways has an internet booking engine but apart from that it now allows free download of mobile app on to any smart phone for greater convenience. This mobile app enables smart check-in for flights, fare finder, flight status information, global contact information and offers numerous payment options (Qatar Airways, 2013a). They offer the lowest fare finder facility

Essential elements Essay Example for Free

Essential elements Essay Failure in business ethics is a real threat to the future of every corporation. Business ethics as an issue is a hundred times more powerful than the internet or globalization and can destroy your business in a week. To make matters worse, standards of business ethics are changing rapidly in response to random events which capture public imagination. In business ethics, what was good is becoming bad and what was considered bad is now good. Standards for business ethics that have worked for decades are looking old fashioned or immoral while other practices that raised questions are becoming totally acceptable. So what is going to happen next in business ethics? How can corporations use business ethics to restore confidence and protect themselves against tomorrow’s headlines? What will be the new â€Å"Gold Standard† for business ethics and corporate governance? How much further than legal minimum requirements for business ethics should corporations go to ensure sustainable success? When business ethics goes wrong who gets blamed? Impact of media allegations of dishonesty, fraud or corruption of senior executives or directors – and how to protect business ethics reputation . Why goalposts for business ethics will go on changing, and how to get ready? are all the questions to be pondered upon . Methodology of Inquiry should be able to reflect upon all above mentioned issues. Ethical decision making is about deciding between two rights. Leadership requires doing the right thing for the people of the organization, the organization itself and those the organization supports. But, what is the right thing? When faced with the difficult decision of choosing between two rights, some people seek the easy way out; avoidance, delay, or compromise. Ethical decision making is required when you face a decision about whether to do something that the organization, the profession or society considers right but which conflicts with your strongly held values and principles. What should you do, go with the flow and obey the wishes and pressures of the organization, the profession or society? Or should you act in accordance with your own values, principles and moral or ethical beliefs at the risk of your job, your career and your social standing? Ethical decision making is required to resolve ethical dilemmas or moral ambiguity between your own values and principles for living. Doing our part to create a more just and loving world for all mandates a strong commitment on the part of Ethical Societies and their members to their surrounding communities are something that is actually needed . Applied ethics in effective inquiry system consists of the analysis of specific, controversial moral issues such as abortion, animal rights, or euthanasia. In recent years applied ethical issues have been subdivided into convenient groups such as medical ethics, business ethics, environmental ethics, and sexual ethics. Generally speaking, two features are necessary for an issue to be considered an applied ethical issue. First, the issue needs to be controversial in the sense that there are significant groups of people both for and against the issue at hand. The issue of drive-by shooting, for example, is not an applied ethical issue, since everyone agrees that this practice is grossly immoral. By contrast, the issue of gun control would be an applied ethical issue since there are significant groups of people both for and against gun control. The second requirement for in issue to be an applied ethical issue is that it must be a distinctly moral issue. On any given day, the media presents us with an array of sensitive issues such as affirmative action policies, gays in the military, involuntary commitment of the mentally impaired, capitalistic vs. socialistic business practices, public vs. private health care systems, or energy conservation. Although all of these issues are controversial and have an important impact on society, they are not all moral issues. Some are only issues of social policy. The aim of social policy is to help make a given society run efficiently by devising conventions, such as traffic laws, tax laws, and zoning codes. Moral issues, by contrast, concern more universally obligatory practices, such as our duty to avoid lying, and are not confined to individual societies. There should be an honest and ethical conduct including the handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships ; full , fair , accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports that a company files with the Commission . Accountability for adherence to the code hastens the system of inquiry of the paper. The system of inquiry should be so effective and quick that no time should be wasted at any level of inquiry. System of inquiry is thus not a set of hard and fast rules which once made are to be followed blindly. It in fact is a framework which needs to be firstly made seeing all perceptives and then renewed from time to time as per sociological requirements and most importantly rules should be kept flexible as the rules are for the people not that the people are for rules . Essential elements of an ethical frame work – include contextual input , purpose with actions at issue , path finding function , problem solving function , implementing function quality judgment and lastly its output. Thus , systems inquiry incorporates these inter- related domains of disciplined inquiry systems theory. Systems methodology provides us with a set of models , strategies , methods and tools that instrumentalizes the whole systems inquiry. In today’s highly competitive , performance – driven business climate , regulations are not enough ; professional codes are not enough ; the old model of business ethics is not enough – what is required is a framework – that must be able to identify the ends as well as the means. Bibliography: http://www.en.wikipedia.org

The covenants between God and man Essay -- Old Testament, God, Genesis

The covenants between God and man constitute one of the principal keys to the interpretation of the Old Testament, denoting the dividing lines between the different dispensations and indicating the several changes of procedure in God’s dealings with the earth. There are arguably eight covenants made by God referred to in Scripture. Much could be written concerning these different covenants, but we will only deal with the covenants in Genesis. At various times God condescended to enter into a compact with man, and failure to observe the terms and scope of these compacts leads to the utmost confusion. These covenants are an important pact between Gods relation with man. The Adamic covenant was not the first covenant in the history of God’s relationship with humanity. Rather it was given due to the failure of a perfect obedience of the covenanting partner and had entered into that first covenant with Adam at creation. Some have questioned whether it is appropriate to speak of a covenant when Adam was in Eden. Vavosar Powell preferred to call it a command. Thomas Goodwin saw it as the â€Å"Law of Creation.† The actual word covenant is not used in the Genesis narratives. However, the essential parts of a covenant are all there; a clear definition of the parties involved, a legally binding set of provisions that stipulates the conditions of their relationship, the promise of blessings for obedience, and the condition for obtaining those blessings. Moreover, in Hosea 6:7, referring to the sins of Israel, says â€Å"But they like men have transgressed the covenant.† The Targum, the Talmud, and the Vulgate render â€Å"like menâ₠¬  as â€Å"like Adam.† In the Garden of Eden, it seems quite clear that there was a legally binding set of provisions that defin... ... between Me and you.† (Genesis 17:10) As the Lord has already initiated His covenant with Abraham in Genesis 15:18, this was a further confirmation and ratification of the covenant made previously. Circumcision is the â€Å"sign† of the Lord’s â€Å"everlasting† covenant with Abraham. (Genesis 17:9-13) Significantly, the one in future generations not circumcised â€Å"shall be cut off from his kin,† that is, be expelled from the community that will experience the blessings of this â€Å"everlasting† covenant.† (Genesis 17:14) In conclusion, the covenants between God and man, under gird the totality of the biblical revelation. Specifically elucidated in Genesis, its promises govern the pattern of all that follows in Exodus to Revelation. Everything from the creation to Revelation, speaks of sin and redemption, the violation of the first covenant by Adam, and the following of another. The covenants between God and man Essay -- Old Testament, God, Genesis The covenants between God and man constitute one of the principal keys to the interpretation of the Old Testament, denoting the dividing lines between the different dispensations and indicating the several changes of procedure in God’s dealings with the earth. There are arguably eight covenants made by God referred to in Scripture. Much could be written concerning these different covenants, but we will only deal with the covenants in Genesis. At various times God condescended to enter into a compact with man, and failure to observe the terms and scope of these compacts leads to the utmost confusion. These covenants are an important pact between Gods relation with man. The Adamic covenant was not the first covenant in the history of God’s relationship with humanity. Rather it was given due to the failure of a perfect obedience of the covenanting partner and had entered into that first covenant with Adam at creation. Some have questioned whether it is appropriate to speak of a covenant when Adam was in Eden. Vavosar Powell preferred to call it a command. Thomas Goodwin saw it as the â€Å"Law of Creation.† The actual word covenant is not used in the Genesis narratives. However, the essential parts of a covenant are all there; a clear definition of the parties involved, a legally binding set of provisions that stipulates the conditions of their relationship, the promise of blessings for obedience, and the condition for obtaining those blessings. Moreover, in Hosea 6:7, referring to the sins of Israel, says â€Å"But they like men have transgressed the covenant.† The Targum, the Talmud, and the Vulgate render â€Å"like menâ₠¬  as â€Å"like Adam.† In the Garden of Eden, it seems quite clear that there was a legally binding set of provisions that defin... ... between Me and you.† (Genesis 17:10) As the Lord has already initiated His covenant with Abraham in Genesis 15:18, this was a further confirmation and ratification of the covenant made previously. Circumcision is the â€Å"sign† of the Lord’s â€Å"everlasting† covenant with Abraham. (Genesis 17:9-13) Significantly, the one in future generations not circumcised â€Å"shall be cut off from his kin,† that is, be expelled from the community that will experience the blessings of this â€Å"everlasting† covenant.† (Genesis 17:14) In conclusion, the covenants between God and man, under gird the totality of the biblical revelation. Specifically elucidated in Genesis, its promises govern the pattern of all that follows in Exodus to Revelation. Everything from the creation to Revelation, speaks of sin and redemption, the violation of the first covenant by Adam, and the following of another.

Commentary on Dorothy Parker’s Essay

â€Å"Mr. Durant’ is a prose about a man, who he had promised his children they could keep a dog but seems to no longer want to do so. He promised so while on their back he is trying to kick the dog out of the house. He does is on their back because he wants to remain the authority figure of the house who does nothing wrong. On the other hand, to his wife he gives stupid reasons like â€Å"all the males in the neighborhood will be running after her† and â€Å"first thing you know, she’d be having puppies.† Mrs. Durant is not very educated and also very ingà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nues and so blindly trusts and believes whatever her husband tells her. She idolizes him because she does not read and is not very educated and therefore her husband’s knowledge might impress her a lot. The family relationships where the father is the dominant figure remain the same through the whole passage. 2. Chronology/time  Dorothy Parker has written this passage in such a way, tending to give actions one by one, making so the piece more intriguing and interesting. However, she often goes backwards and forwards when describing Mr. Durant’s den and character to give us a deeper understanding or certainty of his character. However, time in either case is significant but not essential and does not affect directly the themes of this passage. 3. Themes  Some themes implied through the passage are:  Authority is one of the main themes in this passage and Mr. Durant conveys this authority very easily. His wifes lets him do so, because she thinks that he is very educated and in consequence his actions and word is always right. This shows another theme, the ingenuity of Mrs. Durant who blindly believes everything her husband tells her. The relationships between these two characters seem very cold and unpleasant, not only because there is no agreement and understanding between this couples there is no evince of affection as well. Dishonesty is another important theme is this passage, which Mr. Durant is clearly characterized by because brutally beguiles his children on their back. Sexual perversions 4. How literary features convey/enlarge the themes  The prose has many adjectives which are very useful in strengthen the meaning of the themes since the prose is very descriptive. For example, the two adjectives â€Å"insatiable reader† and â€Å"indefatigable collector† show that although he wanted to seem as tireless reader, he is very unintelligent because is easily manipulated by the advertisements. A comparison in this piece is â€Å"young woman with wings like a vampire bat† which is very significant because in my opinion this is another hint of Mr. Durant’s sexual problems. 5. Point of view/ Tone  The passage is told from the third person point of view and that is the narrator, Dorothy Parker. She is more informing rather than evaluating because she tends to rely more on the facts leaving so up to us to interpret them in our own way. Because the atmosphere is not humorous at all, this shows the seriousness of the narrator’s attitudes towards her subject. She presents the main character, Mr. Durant as a very cold, distant and selfish person. The tone of the passage is very serious and desperate (fruitless) because the main character, Mr. Durant has all the power and his word for the others (his wife and children) seems to be a rule. This is shown when after he asks his daughter if he had ever â€Å"broke a promise†, she replies â€Å"No Father† but â€Å"conviction was not hers† whish shows that even she wasn’t convinced, she was obliged to reply so because of fear that he might get angry or react. Parker obviously do esn’t have a high regard for Mr. Durant at all, however using irony she enjoys mocking his attitudes of superiority and of the one who is so full of himself that wants others to believe that he â€Å"he has never broken a promise yet.† 6. Structure  The passage falls into many short and long paragraphs. Usually, the short paragraphs are made of dialogues while the long ones are mainly descriptive which might signify the greater importance of the descriptions. The two longest paragraphs are mainly about two subjects: Mr. Durant’s den and books. This shows that he is the main character since everything is mainly about him and also because he is always the one who gets the word. The short paragraphs in the first page have only three lines. They are short maybe because the piece is carefully described and avoids telling everything at once to let the reader get the themes one by one, making it more interesting. However, the dialogues although short, are very significant in understanding the personalities of the characters. 7. Lexis (language)  The language used is formal and this is because the issue that is being discussed is serious or at least that’s how the atmosphere is conveyed to us. This formal language has a positive affect on the piece because it is appropriate with the message that the author is trying to transmit, that of authority and stereotypes. The language is also particularly descriptive and therefore the author tends to give the themes by hints in the description. The language used by Parker in written in an ironic form towards this character, which although she doesn’t seem to admire at all, she enjoys mocking his attitudes of superior and of the one who is so full of himself that wants others to believe that he never â€Å"breaks a promise.† Parker uses satire which is a form of exposing of foolishness within a society through ridiculing them and that is what she does with the character of Mr. Durant. 8. Specific Images  Mr. Durant is clearly shown as the authority figure in this piece. An image that indicates this is † he jerked his head backwards† which shows that his order is not only an obligation to his wife but he does not even need to say it. Mr. Durant might not even be as knowledgeable as he wants to seem. There are two reasons why I think this. Firstly, the fact that his â€Å"books were lined up behind the glass of the bookcase† might show that they were not even used and were there as decorations. Secondly, as we notice in the passage, he seems very impatient and narrow minded because does not allow others to have their word yelling â€Å"Quiet!† to his daughter while he interrupts his wife who for once was about to protest against her husband, saying â€Å"Now you just leave all that to me.† This shows disrespect and impatience to listen to others and therefore might not even have the same patience to read a book. I personally, from this piece got the feeling that Mr. Durant is not a very sane person because there are many controversies on his character, like he tries to be the perfect father in his children eyes who â€Å"has never broken a promise†, while on their backs beguiles them being very ambidextrous. 9. Rhythm  The rhythm in this passage is very irregular for the reason that it is continually moving from â€Å"crescendo† to â€Å"decrescendo† form, creating so anxiety and tension to the readers. There is a high tension in the beginning of the passage because the author starts this passage with the word â€Å"Quiet!† which strait away gives a kind of conflict and makes the atmosphere very dramatic. Then, the author jumps into descriptions, going into a â€Å"decrescendo† form for a while. On the third part of the passage, again we have a â€Å"crescendo† in rhythm because the tension increases, especially when Mrs. Durant says ‘But the children, They’ll be just simply†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which in my opinion is an initial and tiny bit of revolt against her husband’s opinion.