North Korea: Nuclear Friend or Foe? :: Nuclear proliferation

North Korea: Nuclear Friend or Foe? Presentation It is 2025. Following quite a while of quibbling and extraordinary battling, India and Pakistan at long last break out into general war. Millions are executed in the atomic trade. Different nations are brought into the quarrel, eventually enlarging the scene of war. The loss of life arrives at a billion lives. Fundamentally, you are seeing an atomic holocaust. Luckily, this is a totally invented occasion; something one would thoroughly consider was straight of a film. The startling part is that as an ever increasing number of nations start to secure atomic weapons, further atomic exploration, and seek after other atomic related tasks, this can be genuine. It may occur in ten years, a couple of months, or even †tomorrow. The issue of atomic multiplications is an issue of much worry by the United States. Since its creation, harking back to the 1940s through the Manhattan venture, the nuclear bomb has been the most despicable aspect of society, as far as the degree of potential danger it holds for the global network. The focal point of this paper takes a gander at U.S. strategy towards atomic multiplication, over a wide span of time, with an extraordinary spotlight on the status of North Korea. For certain investigators and numerous legislative authorities, North Korea is by all accounts the following large danger to U.S. what's more, worldwide security. Defenders of this conviction refer to articulations made by North Korea, endeavors to improve utilized fuel poles, and different interests to use atomic force somehow or another or other. With an end goal to truly separate on a basic level the United States’ approach towards the nation of North Korea, this paper inspects not just the authentic setting of U.S./North Korea relations, yet additionally the U.S. position towards multiplication among such nations as Iran, Libya, Israel, India, Pakistan, and different nations. In utilizing different nations to look into U.S. strategy, ideally this will achieve a type of justification behind the way to deal with North Korea. Justifiably, the issue is much more perplexing than only a picked position towards every individual nation. History, political equalization, just as, the plan of the U.S. organization at the time shape the approach founded toward the specific nation. A Colored History On June 27, 1950, President Harry S. Truman â€Å"authorized the utilization of American land, ocean, and flying corps in Korea; after seven days, the United Nations set the powers of 15 other part countries under U.

Two Women in Proverbs 9 Essay -- Religion Bible Proverbs 9 women Essay

Two Women in Proverbs 9 Axioms has consistently been one of the most famous and cherished books of the Bible. As per the introduction, it was composed â€Å"to instruct insightfulness to the basic, information and judiciousness to the young† (1.4), and to â€Å"let the savvy likewise hear and gain in learning, and the observing obtain skill† (1.5). It is principally routed to youngsters, as the creator makes visit references to â€Å"my son† all through. The reason for this book was to help get ready youngsters for initiative and life. An adage, which effectively draws an examination between two types of conduct to show moral knowledge, expressly satisfies its job in especially section 9 of Proverbs. Considering this dad to-child guidance, the creator utilizes the embodiment of two distinct kinds of ladies so as to delineate the two comparing ways of life: astuteness and indiscretion. In spite of the fact that there are many striking likenesses of the two ladies in Proverbs 9, the unpretentious contrasts between the two pedantically bestows life exercises to youngsters. The speaker starts the entry of Proverbs 9, by illuminating that the primary similitude that Lady Wisdom and Lady Folly share is the ownership of a house. The main obvious contrast is that Lady Wisdom has manufactured her own home: â€Å"Wisdom has assembled her home; she has slashed her seven pillars† (9.1). Woman Wisdom has not just built her home, yet it is given that her home is an enormous one, speaking to riches. There is no reference to Lady Folly constructing her houseâ€she slowly only â€Å"sits at the entryway of her house† (9.14). Allegorically, the speaker of this section is prompting the youngsters to be dedicated, meaning the significance of industriousness, which is a consistent hidden thre... ...m will prompt life. The speaker is stating that it is well justified, despite all the trouble to leave on the way of astuteness and to endure through it for there is a concealed prize anticipating them. Woman Wisdom and Lady Folly are not referenced in Proverbs 9 to be only two differentiating ladies that the youngsters ought to know about when they search for a spouse. Speaking to the two different ways of life, Lady Wisdom and Lady Folly are accustomed to carry attention to the youngsters about the unpretentious contrasts between the individual courses of life. It is stressed that each choice tallies and that only one choice can mean the contrast among life and passing. Since the educator realizes that the youngsters are the ones who will at last settle on urgent choices of their own, he utilizes this specific juxtaposition of Lady Wisdom and Lady Folly to set them up for what difficulties lie ahead for them.

Strategic marketing based on case study Maytag Corporation Research Paper

Vital advertising dependent on contextual analysis Maytag Corporation - Research Paper Example The fundamental issue for this situation is the choice of purchasing the Maytag Corporation. The cutoff time with respect to the offer is getting close and Qingdao Haier was as yet uncertain whether to secure the other organization. Close by with the primary issue is the issue of what might Maytag bring to Qingdao on the off chance that it has settled on its choice to at long last get it †regardless of whether it will be advantageous to the organization or would simply be a weight to the firm. Besides, the progressions that the procurement would bring to the organization, for example, the structure, the tasks and even the approaches are additionally the things that Qingdao ought to consider. All these ought to be assessed so as to think of a trustworthy choice of Qingdao’s obtaining of Maytag. SWOT Analysis †¢ Strengths Qingdao Haier Ltd. is a ground-breaking organization working for over two decades as of now. With this, the organization has gotten one of the best 50 partnerships in creating nations. Its capacity to produce apparatuses at a wide range is likewise a quality that the organization has, also its differentiated advertising procedure. Having the option to overcome even the remote terrains is a proof of how well the organization is going. The quality of going in for a troublesome market, much the same as what the organization did shows how solid the organization is and arriving at those business sectors is another quality for the organization since this would imply that they can impact more individuals, along these lines getting higher pay to themselves. With respect to Maytag Corporation, its edge on publicizing is a major quality for the organization. The nature of their apparatuses is additionally notable. Maytag has also made an imprint in the home apparatus industry by selling their machines on the huge retailers and various autonomous wholesalers. Vanquishing the United States, the organization is said to be on the loose in this nation. Maytag Corporation can likewise be said as an enhanced company with regards to their items. They can rival different organizations by delivering apparatuses that address the issues of various individuals. Shortcomings The Qingdao Haier Ltd. is powerless at its publicizing efforts. In spite of the fact that this couldn't be viewed as quite a bit of an obstruction to the company’s achievement, still, it tends to be seen as its shortcoming, as promotions have an immense effect on everything particularly when you are selling something. Another shortcoming that Qingdao has is the valuing. Qingdao costs its items lower than some other brands like Whirlpool, General Electric and Maytag. This can be seen as a shortcoming since by valuing your item on a lower level; buyers can have the mindset that your item is an unacceptable on e too. Then again, Maytag Corporation’s fundamental shortcoming is its absence of development. The necessities of individuals changes as time passes by and Maytag neglected to convey these requirements, dissimilar to what different brands did. This has caused for the decrease in deals and incomes for Maytag Corporation for as long as years. With this, wholesalers too quit selling the brands in this way giving

International Business Management - Tiger Air - Free Essay Example

International business management Table of Content Executive Summary 2.Introductions 3.Business Environment 3.1 The entry mode 3.2 Entry Method 3.3 Competitive Environment 3.4 The corporate Strategy 4.Conclusions 5.Reference 1.Executive Summary This report intends to describe about Tiger Air is a successful airline which is runs healthy in Asia, now it plans to entry Europe market to expand its business, also it wants to give European customer a unforgettable flight fly journey. Tiger Air Europe is a Russia based airline which is order to provide low ticket price, reduce its flying costs and unnecessary service. Tiger Europe will establish its selling online for customer.It is easily for customers to buy tickets. Tiger will also provide customer an reasonable price. In a brief, Tiger wants to giving customer most precious flying experience and reach to top of the Europe value chain. The following paragraphs will explain what Tiger does in detail. Introductions The company based on Singapore, Tiger Air established in 2004. It has a slogan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“get the real dealà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , it offers reasonable ticket prices by dispelling services to passengers. Tiger Air has Limited constituted with 4 different area airlines, Tiger air Singapore, Tiger air Australia, Tiger air Philippines and Tiger air Mandala. The online of Tiger Air spends to 50 destinations across 13 countries in Asia.In order to extend the more users, Tiger air Singapore operates a fleet of 48 Airbuses A320-family aircraft. According to Bloomberg Business week.com, As an comparison to the year 2012, Tiger air Singapore reported that booked passenger of June, 2013 was approximately 432,000 against 365,000 for the same period a year ago. This result explains that the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reputation and brand image is unceasing increased and well-managed. The one thing in common for all of budget airlines to promise to their passengers is the most fundamental serv ices such as regular services for planes, security and on-time performance. Notable performance among these three essential elements is the on-time performance in 2012. According to Singapore Business Review (SBR), Tiger Airway had 86.38 percents on-time flights in 2012 compared to the 80.87 percents performance of Singapore Airlines. It mentioned that the Tiger Airway was ranked as 10th best performing airlines within Asia and Pacific and there was just nearly 6 percents of difference with the 1st ranked company, J-Air.Staff Reporter 2013 3.1 The entry mode Tiger air will set up a selling online in Europe Market, from network sale to outlet distribution, looking for award to giving customers warm service for buying ticket. Unknown 2013 Tiger signs an agreement with travel agency, includes sales agent helps selling Tigerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ticket to consumers, if sales agent sell ticket successfully,Tiger could give sales agent premium as award. 3.2 Entry Method Tiger Airway Annual report 2012 Social factors:Every single factor involved with social and cultural influences varies from country to country. Unlike sensational impact of budget airline in Asia Pacific, most of European low cost airlines suffered due to consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mind from social and cultural factors. Most of European people put their emphasis on services than essence of transportation. Tiger Airway Europe seems to reinforce their pricing strategy or services to the customer with lowest price. Technical Factors:Russia hassophisticated630 numbers of air-port facilities centralized in Moscow. 50 out of 630 airports work as internationalairport. The 630 numbers ofairportsin Russia are design to use as a major source for exporting petroleum and other natural goods to European Union.The rail road system inRussiaisquitepoor tohandleexporting business toEuropeancountriesandthere isa security risk factors on the way.That is the reason whyRussiangovernmentspends their budg et to build a concrete distribution system. Economic factors:Russia ranked as the 8thamong the world economy and the potentiality is quite high enough to be the economic giant. The country has an abundance of natural resources including timer and fossil fuels. As what the research shows, that Moscow is the city with a highest number of billionaires and security level. Additionally, Moscow gives an opportunity to take geological advantage to Tiger Airway Europe. As a result, Moscow is the most suitable city to operate Tiger Airline Europe. According to the documentation from GFK, the purchasing power of average consumers in Europe is around à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬8.6 trillion Euros based on the year 2012. This corresponds to an average purchasing power of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬12,802 Euros per inhabitant across the 42 countries in Europe. When it compares with the data from the previous year, amount of per capita is increased by 2.1 percents. Environmental factors:Unstable Oil prices would influence all of airline industries to make their ticket price to be ridiculously high. This incident that all of full service airlines and no-frills carriers would meet is not only opportunity but also hindrance of Tiger Airway Europe. It is a great time for Tiger Airway Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to have strong reputation with extremely affordable price. On the other hand, The business would suffer with fundamental operating cost. Average precipitationlevel ofMoscowis quite low than other counties in Europe which is 586mm. Moscow has a humid continental climate. The record shows the highesttemperature during summer time isnearly 37 °C. On the other hand, the low temperature of winter time is around -42 °C. To maintain the air carrier business, Tiger air Europe should have technicians withadvancedtechnology in orderto handle the technological disorder due tofreezing problem during winter. Political factors:Russia has become the eighth largest economy in the worl d after economic reforms in 1990s. From the 1990à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to current year, Russian government strived to privatize the industry. However, the conservative forces in Russia from the formal Soviet Union congest economic activities with nationalism. This political issue of Russian government would be an obstacle of Tiger Airway Europe to smoothly operate a business. For those who are engaged in business in Russia require to pay taxes. As a company in Russia, it is mandatory to register at a tax office if it intends to do business in Russia for more than 30 consecutive days in a year. Exactly same with Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s policy from the department of man power, Foreign citizen who planning to work in Russia must hold a working permit or ID document which states the place of his or her residence and name of the work place. For people who hold a permanent working permit in Russia require to pay 13 percents of their income for a personal income tax. However, for thos e who temporarily employed in Russia has a responsibility to pay 30 percents of income for a personal income tax. Moreover, Value Added Tax (VAT) in Russia is typically around 18 percents. 3.3 Competitive Environment Target Market:The target market customer of Tiger Air Europe is the individual who is willing to cost more efficient and get more convenient from airline. For example, some consumers donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want to eat their set meal during the flight time, because they think its not a necessary choice for every customer, or maybe sometimes they already had ate their meal before boarding. Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more, a part of customer also donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want to check-in their luggage, hang-luggage is totally enough for them, it is the reason that they perhaps just take a short-term vocation or business, they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t need quite a lot stuffs for their flight, and also they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want spend a useless costs. And these kind of economical individuals are the customers who are targeted by Tiger Air Europe. In terms of these kinds of reasons, Tiger Air Europe comes up with several marketing strategies for their targeting customer, such as you donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t need to spend more payment for the service that they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want to use like set meal and check-in luggage. But, if customer wants to use this kind of additional services they definitely could experience it by paying more costs. Marketing Position:Comparing with other kinds of airlines, Tiger Air Europe decides to be the most valuable costs airline in Europe. As far as our team researched, there are nonsexist a lot of budget airlines in Europe, most of the airlines in Europe are high-level service airline likeDeutsche Lufthansa Airline and British Airline, but at the same time, higher-level service means higher cost. At this time, it is definitely a huge potential opportunity for Tiger Air Europe, our strategy team will provide our customer an affordable ticket price compare with these high-level airlines. Tiger Air Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s marketing position is lower than luxury airlines but quite better experience than other budget airlines. Perhaps what Tiger Air Europe will stimulate the whole society of Europe going to take budget airline for their vocation or business inthefuture.Internet center for management and business administration 2013 3.4 The corporate Strategy Core Product/Service:Tiger Europe core products obviously are flight experience. By Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s airport network, Tiger intends to establish a flying network around the Europe, in order to serve customer better than other budget airlines, also provide an affordable price which is lower than other normal airlines. Tiger also emphasizes on research and feedback that came from customer, then try their best to make them fulfilled with Tiger Air.Phillip Securities Research 2013 Expected Product/Service:To ensure safe and supply fast check-in boarding. Tiger will train its captain strictly before they start controlling plane, only if Tiger owns such a good pilot, that Tiger could build a good image within customers. To provide fast boarding is also another expected service that customer really likes, because they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want to waste time to waiting that long queue for check-in boarding. Augmented Product/Service:Although Tiger doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t supply food and beverage for free, but if customer wants it they also could provide it during the flight, so Tiger will provide authentic Europe food for improving, because the food on budget airline isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t delicious, thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the improvement what Tiger could develop in the future. Pricing:As what our strategy team mentioned before, what advantage Tiger Air Europe owned is more affordable and attractive price, comparing with other different category airlines. Just like what Tiger Air Asia does re cently, Tiger Asia provide such a wonderful price for their customer, which is almost half price compare with other high-level airlines, such as Singapore Airline orKoreanAirline. The whole market situation is that consumer would like to pay more costs on traveling itself if the person who takes airplane is use for traveling, they are pleased to pay there bills on high-level hotel, more expensive local food and any other things rather than airplane. In a word, nowadays customer prefersto cost more on service, not only focus on airplane. If Tiger Air could supply an air ticket only with 200 dollar, but if you take other airlines have to pay approximately about 400 dollar, the most of customers definitely will keep chasing the lower price. It is all because the experience of Tiger Air Asiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s success, our strategy team does believe Tiger Air Europe could follow the way from Tiger Asia. Lower price, more customer, and finally more profit. Distribution (Placement):Fir stly, it is online Distribution. Tiger will establish an official website, in order to serve Tigerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s customer who prefer a more convenient way to purchase their ticket. As far as our team researched, on the one hand, most of major airlines absolutely have their own official website for online sale. On the other hand, these websites also could introduce about their companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s history, culture and commission. These ways maybe are also another fantastic strategy for firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s image. Secondly, Tiger Air Europe also will sell ticket by some authorized agents, thus customer who doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t could handle online selling can purchase there for more convenient. Thirdly, there is no doubt that Tiger Europe will open some outlets in the major cities around the Europe. Promotion:Tiger Europe will always provide some special promotion for its customer in order to keep them stay in Tiger Air. For example, during the time when Russia cel ebrates its National Day, Tiger will supply quite special worth ticket for their Russia customer, such as buy one ticket get one free, it means if you want travel another country in Europe during National Day Promotion with one of your friends, you only need to pay one ticket payment as well. In addition, although Tiger Air Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s general headquarters is in Russia, butregardless of which nationality you are, only if your country is in Europe, you can enjoy this kind of special promotion. It means every Europe country has its own National Day promotion during that time. Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more, Tiger Europe will always provide one promotion called buy 4 get one 1 free. Absolutely it is an awesome information for family traveling. Implementation and Control:Implementation: as what our team mentioned before, Tiger Air Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s issue is how to make Tigerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ticket price lower than competitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s? In another word, how does Tiger Europe achieve its target marketing and earn profit? Firstly, Tiger Europe will cut the unnecessary cost for their customer during the flight time, for example, ticketholder has to pay the bill for set meal if one really feel hungry. By using this way, Tiger absolutely could save quite a lot cost. Tiger also wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t provide free check-in luggage, it means if you want to consign more luggage, you also have to pay more for that. But in another consideration, this new strategy makes a lot of customers who doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have much package saving a couple of payments. Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s more, our flight will always be arrive destination around mid-night, it is because airplaneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s parking fee is more cheaper than any other time. In order to become the strongest giant in budget airline industry around the Europe, Tiger Europe will also sign a protect contract with Russia Government. It involves that Tiger Air will pay quite more tax to Russia Government rather than any other same-level airlines, but Russia Government has to protect Tiger Air and wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t allow other companies get entry this market. Thus, Tiger Air Europe could be the monopoly and create more profit from this quite huge market. Control: firstly, Tiger will strongly advise their authorized agents to advertise their air ticket. Because as most people know, if customer want to book an air ticket from travel agent, customer perhaps has plenty of options about which airline he could choose, many factors will impact his decision, such as the image of the airline, price of the ticket and so on. So now we made this strategy, if authorized travel agent strongly advises their customer to purchase Tiger Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ticket and finally that customer buys it, Tiger Europe will give extra bonus as rewarding. After that, because it is international marketing, so Tiger Europe will also establish many different transport hub ar ound the world. In this way, Tiger could supply their customer more convenient service and also build a good relationship with major international airport around the world in terms of the successful experience from Tiger Air Asia. Tiger Europe does believe that if they provide such a good flight experience for customer, they will be Tigerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s brand-loyalty in the next years and come again. Conclusion: It is obviously that Tiger Air Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business is like what Tigerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objective announced: To be one of the largest budget airlines in Europe, provide the customer most valuable flight experience service. In order to accomplish this goal, Tiger Europe does a lot of tough efforts, such as make an agreement with Russia Government and any other Europe Countries to protect Tiger air. All Tiger Europe does is for give benefits to their customer, at the same time they earn a couple of profits. They also doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t provide the unnecessary services which isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t their customer want, they only want their customer pay the bills that really needed during the flight time. Tiger Air Europe definitely consider for their customer, save anything that no need to waste. Especially in 21st century, people are going to create environment-friendly society, thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the reason why budget airline could keep going in 21st century. In conclusion, Tiger Air Europe could supply an affordable price of ticket, warm service from stewardess, conveniently purchase ticket, safe and trustful image of airline. Tiger Air Europe does believe based on Russia transport center, they could achieve their target goal and objective in Europe. 4.Conclusions It is obviously that Tiger Air Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business is like what Tigerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objective announced:To be one of the largest budget airlines in Europe, provide the customer most valuable flight experience service. In order to accomplish this goal, Tiger Europe does a lot of tough efforts, such as make an agreement with Russia Government and any other Europe Countries to protect Tiger air. All Tiger Europe does is for give benefits to their customer, at the same time they earn a couple of profits. They also doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t provide the unnecessary services which isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t their customer want, they only want their customer pay the bills that really needed during the flight time. Tiger Air Europe definitely consider for their customer, save anything that no need to waste. Especially in 21stcentury, people are going to create environment-friendly society, thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the reason why budget airline could keep going in 21stcentury. In conclusion, Tiger Air Europe could supply an affordable price of ticket, warm service from stewardess, conveniently purchase ticket, safe and trustful image of airline. Tiger Air Europe does believe based on Russia transport center, they cou ld achieve their target goal and objective in Europe. Reference [1].From Singapore Business Review (SBR),Airportperformance report, Published: 07, June, 2013 https://sbr.com.sg/aviation/news/tiger-airways-beat-singapore-airlines-in-2012-time-performance [2].Definition of Market Analysis https://www.netmba.com/marketing/market/analysis/ [3]Tiger Airway Annual report on 2012 https://www.tigerair.com/news/AR_20120331_FY11_12_Annual_Report.pdf [4].Unknown (Unknown) Low-cost Carriers Market Study,Accessed: 28th September 2013 https://sites.google.com/site/budgetairlinemarketstudy1/case-study/tiger-airways [5].Tiger Airways low fares strategy working well: Phillip Securities Research | Singapore Business Review. 2013. Tiger Airways low fares strategy working well: Phillip Securities Research | Singapore Business Review.Accessed 29 September 2013 https://sbr.com.sg/aviation/markets-investing/tiger-airways-low-fares-strategy-working-well-phillip-securities-research. [].

Essay on A Portrait of Southside Flats - 1991 Words

Introduction to the Neighborhood Situated on the Monongahela River is the neighborhood of Southside Flats. Within its boundaries is one of the entertainment hubs of Pittsburgh. The main thoroughfare of E Carson St. is inhabited with bars, restaurants, and nightclubs. The early history of the neighborhood saw it as a beacon of industry with its proximity to rivers and railways. At the end of the nineteenth century, it would boast a steelworks factory that employed a sizable portion of the Southside residents. Many of these residents were immigrants from Eastern Europe and brought many of their traditions with them to Pittsburgh. This way of life would continue until the 1980s when the steel plant was shut down. The area was absent†¦show more content†¦They are left with vacant plants and have begun to take steps to address their problems by trying to attract tourists with such areas as the Works. A city in a similar position was Baltimore as highlighted in the article â€Å"’A Third-World City in the First World’: Social Exclusion, Racial Inequality, and Sustainable Development in Baltimore† by Mark Levine which addresses the issues of Baltimore in its quest for more tourism but is hindered by its high crime rate. The plight of Baltimore is also highlighted in the television program â€Å"The Wire.† Summary of Demographic and Crime Profile When looking at the population numbers of Southside Flats and Allegheny County, there are not many differences. The differences are that the neighborhood has relatively few African-Americans living within it (around 2.5%, while Allegheny County has 12%) (U.S. Census 2000). This is likely due to the history the neighborhood has as a destination for people of Eastern European descent, which would account for the over 95% of the neighborhood that is white (U.S. Census Bureau). Another disparity that appears is the number of home owners. The census information shows that 67% of residents in Allegheny County own their home; Southside Flats data shows that homeownership is about 42% (U.S. Census Bureau 2000). The biggest difference comes in median household income. The median income for residents of Southside Flats is just under $25,000,

Population Growth And Its Effects - 1409 Words

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Auditing in ERP System Environments

Question: Discuss about the Auditing in ERP System Environments. Answer: Introduction Advancement in technology is likely to influence auditors in various ways. Ideally, they will have to incorporate continuous auditing into the audit process. The research question of this paper is what continuous auditing has in store for auditors in the future. Its rationale is to outline continuous auditing and its impact to auditors, to examine the internal controls of the ever-changing IT, to discuss the key auditing aspects of new IT, to address its challenges to audit firms and companies, to comment on what auditors are most concerned with, and to discuss the audit process. Continuous Auditing is as a process of gathering evidence electronically to form a basis that can give an accurate and fair opinion on the financial statements of a company (Rezaee, Elam, and Sharbatoghlie, 2001, pp.150-158). Ideally, it is a process of collecting, evaluating, and presenting audit evidence to determine the internal control system of a firm is efficiency and effectiveness in protecting the companys assets, ensuring the integrity of data, and producing correct information that is deemed reliable. Continuous Auditing has various implications for independent auditors. The first impact on continuous auditing on independent auditors is that they will be required to increase knowledge of the enterprise and its industry. The main reason is to make sure electronic information is relevant and reliable (Kuhn Jr, and Sutton, 2010, pp.91-112). The second implication on continuous auditing on independent auditors is that he will have to familiarize himself with the internal control system of the client. The third implication on continuous auditing (CA) on independent auditors is that he will need to implement an audit plan that is oriented towards control risk. This audit program will have an aim of focusing on the adequacy and effectiveness of internal control activities of a corporation. Besides, the company being audited will incur additional costs when preparing the control risk-oriented audit plans. The company secrets might also leak to the competitors as the auditors would be required to perform a better understanding of the enterprise on how transactions flow within the business and the control activities implemented on those transactions (Kuhn Jr, and Sutton, 2010, pp.91-112). The audit profession will be affected in that they would have to prepare their mindset on the fact that they would be required to incorporate technology in the review process such as the use of continuous auditing (CA) which would require proficiency in technological aspects. Lastly, the level of trust between the company and the auditor will increase as the integrity of management would be maintained and the company would be assured that the auditor would act in the best interest of the firm. Examination of the Ever-changing IT Technology is advancing rapidly. It, therefore, calls for auditors to strengthen the internal control system of the ever-changing IT world. In this case, the audit firms will have to use management assertions to determine whether the internal controls implemented strong or weak. The first administration claim that the auditor will use in the ever changing IT is the validity of data (Alles, Kogan, and Vasarhelyi, 2008, pp.195-214). Here, the auditor will be required to use observation to determine whether the data presented by the firm is valid or not. The second management assertion that the auditor will use is valuation (Brown, Wong, and Baldwin, 2007, pp.1-28). The auditor can do so by engaging experts to value the assets and liabilities. The third management assertion that the auditor will use to determine the strength of the internal controls is accuracy. This can be ascertained by measuring the assets to determine their correct value. The fourth management assertion that the auditor will use is timeliness. Here, the auditors ought to verify that the transactions presented relate to that fiscal period. The fifth management assertion that the auditor will use is completeness (Brown, Wong, and Baldwin, 2007, pp.1-28). Here, the audit firm needs to assess whether correct journal entries have been made. The sixth management assertion that the auditor will use is authorization. Here, the auditor determines if the purchase and sale of assets have been authorized by the designated personnel. Lastly, in the ever-changing IT world, the auditors would be required to assert the posting and summarization of entries. Here, they can do so by observing and tracing the entries to ensure that they are correctly posted to their respective ledgers. Key Aspects of New IT The key auditing aspects of new IT would involve a dynamic change from the traditional ways in which people or companies perform their administrative tasks (Chan, and Vasarhelyi, 2011, pp.152-160). Here, the firms would be mandated to use technology in their day-to-day operations. In the traditional method, people work with hard copy documents. However, after extensive changes in the new IT, companies would result in a paperless society. The speed in which an audit process can be completed will also be improved with improved accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness. Continuous Auditing, Its Research, Demand and Challenges to Audit Firms and Corporations Continuous audits are viable, they provided certain, and ensure that interrelated conditions are met (Flowerday, Blundell, and Von Solms, 2006, pp.325-331). These interrelated conditions will involve performing analytical procedures and substantive tests to ascertain the validity, valuation, accuracy, timeliness, completeness, authorization, posting, and summarization of entries, rights and obligations and presentation and disclosure of financial information. Research by academics, experiments made by practitioners and other guidance from standard setters are all-necessary in helping continuous audit evolve (Vasarhelyi, Alles, Kuenkaikaew, and Littley, 2012, pp.267-281). This implies that ongoing review cannot change on its own. It would require other experts to aid in its success. Finally, the demand for reliable, timely, and relevant decision-making information might probably create a need for CA, but auditors will need to position themselves to respond appropriately to the ever-changing marketplace. Audit firms and companies face numerous challenges facing audit firms (Li, Huang, and Lin, 2007, pp.2-13). These challenges include adapting to the change, lack of experts to perform valuations, and the business might not be able to adjust to the ever changing IT. Companies also face other challenges such as loss of confidentiality and privacy of data due to security breaches. What Auditors Are Most Concerned With? Auditors are most concerned with material misstatement (Coderre, Verver, and Warren, 2006). Ideally, their main aim of auditing financial statements of a firm is to determine whether the financial statements have been presented in a view, which is free from any misstatement that may be material to the financial statements. The article states that particular electronic evidence may become present at a certain point in time, but it may not be available after that time if files are changed. These records may contain material misstatement, and that is why the auditors are concerned about the future where the files are changed, there is no backup, and electronic evidence may not be available. Audit Process, Analytical Procedures, Tests of Balances, and Tests of Transactions Auditors perform various audit procedures that enable them collect sufficient and adequate audit evidence and use that evidence as a basis for giving an opinion on the true and fair view of the financial statements. Auditors use substantive tests to ascertain whether the financial statements portray a true picture. These substantive criteria include analytical procedures, a test of transactions, and test of balances. Analytical methods are studies of relationships and comparisons among financial data (Hunton, and Rose, 2010, pp.297-312). Ideally, they involve calculation of rates and comparing them with those of prior years to ascertain whether there is an abnormal deviation. Auditors are therefore required to use of IT, and continuous auditing makes to perform analytical procedures. Analytical methods are carried out in the planning phase of the audit to understand the client's business and industry better, to gather evidence against any possible material misstatement and at the financial reporting period. With the use of computer-aided technology and concurrent audit techniques, analytical procedures can prove to be the cheapest audit tests to conduct. Auditors also conduct tests on transactions to assess if erroneous processing of the operations might lead to material misstatement (Du, and Roohani, 2007, pp.133-146). It includes balance sheet auditing where the auditor traces the journal entries to their original documents. Under continuous auditing, auditors conduct these tests to reduce the extent at which the substantive tests will be done after the balance sheet date. This implies that if the evidence gathered indicates that that the financial statements might be materially misstated, and then more substantive tests will be conducted. Tests of balances are tests performed after the date of the balance sheet to gather sufficient and adequate evidence that would provide a reasonable basis for expressing an view on the financial statements (Hunton, and Rose, 2010, pp.297-312). They include accounts receivable confirmations, physical inventory counts, and recalculation of depreciation on fixed assets. Apparently, the scope of tests of balances will depend on the results of the tests of transactions and analytical procedures. Conclusion Continuous auditing is likely to affect the future for audit. With CA, the review process will be efficient and effective, as it will provide sufficient and adequate audit evidence to be able to express an opinion about the financial statements presented by the business. This paper will influence future reviews in that audit firms will have to use technology to gather evidence to build trust between them and the company being audited. References Alles, M.G., Kogan, A. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2008. Putting continuous auditing theory into practice: Lessons from two pilot implementations.Journal of Information Systems,22(2), pp.195-214. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Brown, C.E., Wong, J.A. and Baldwin, A.A., 2007. A review and analysis of the existing research stream in continuous auditing.Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting,4(1), pp.1-28. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Chan, D.Y. and Vasarhelyi, M.A., 2011. Innovation and practice of continuous auditing.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,12(2), pp.152-160. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Chou, C.L.Y., Du, T. and Lai, V.S., 2007. Continuous auditing of a multi-agent system.Decision Support Systems,42(4), pp.2274-2292. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Coderre, D., Verver, J.G., and Warren, J.D., 2006.Continuous auditing: implications for assurance, monitoring, and risk assessment. Institute of Internal Auditors. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Du, H. and Roohani, S., 2007. Meeting challenges and expectations of continuous auditing in the context of independent audits of financial statements.International Journal of Auditing,11(2), pp.133-146. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Flowerday, S., Blundell, A.W. and Von Solms, R., 2006. Continuous auditing technologies and models: A discussion.Computers Security,25(5), pp.325-331. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Hunton, J.E. and Rose, J.M., 2010. 21st-century auditing: Advancing decision support systems to achieve continuous auditing.Accounting Horizons,24(2), pp.297-312. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Kuhn Jr, J.R. and Sutton, S.G., 2010. Continuous auditing in ERP system environments: The current state and future directions.Journal of Information Systems,24(1), pp.91-112. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Li, S.H., Huang, S.M. and Lin, Y.C.G., 2007. Developing a continuous auditing assistance system based on information process models.Journal of Computer Information Systems,48(1), pp.2-13. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Rezaee, Z., Elam, R. and Sharbatoghlie, A., 2001. Continuous auditing: the audit of the future.Managerial Auditing Journal,16(3), pp.150-158. Retrieved on 30th December 2016. Vasarhelyi, M.A., Alles, M., Kuenkaikaew, S. and Littley, J., 2012. The acceptance and adoption of continuous auditing by internal auditors: A microanalysis.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,13(3), pp.267-281. Retrieved on 30th December 2016.